Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Active transport of tRNAs facilitates distributed protein synthesis

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.26.698744

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative images of pan tRNA probe signal (pink) and nuclear signal (Hoechst, blue) in primary adult rat ventricular cardiomyocyte (ARVM) and primary rat flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) myofiber. (B) Representative images of tRNA Gly-GCC (yellow), pan tRNA (pink), and polyA mRNA (blue) probes in ARVMs treated for 96h with DMSO or a Polymerase III inhibitor (10 μM Pol3i) and quantification of cellular mean fluorescence intensity normalized to DMSO. (C) Representative high-resolution Airyscan with deconvolution and (D) super-resolution STORM images of tRNA Gly-GCC (yellow) and pan tRNA (pink), and quantification of tRNA puncta size and circularity plotted on a log10 scale, with each individual graphical dot indicating an individual puncta measurement and white dots indicating means for each individual cell. All experiments were done in biological triplicate ( N = 3), with 10 cells imaged per biological replicate ( n = 10). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. White boxes indicate magnified fields of view from respective images. Two-sided Student’s t-test was used in Pol3i experiments and against the mean averages of tRNA size and shape in Airyscan and STORM experiments.

Article Snippet: Flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscles were harvested bilaterally from 8 to 12-week old Sprague Dawley rats following euthanasia.

Techniques: Fluorescence

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Directed functional reinnervation to curb nociception and enable sensation

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114431

Figure Lengend Snippet: Construction of sensory RPNIs (A) Schematic of the surgical procedure wherein a sensory nerve and its neurovascular bundle are transected and used to neurotize a free muscle graft that is harvested. (B) The extensor digitorum longus was neurotized by the saphenous nerve. (C) Graft appearance after reinnervation, 6 weeks postoperative. (D) Changes in length and mass after 4–8 weeks of reinnervation. Percentages expressed as changes from preoperative EDL weight. (Control, gray; red, RPNI). Each data point represents measurements from one animal.

Article Snippet: Eleven male and two female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent RPNI construction using an extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle graft reinnervated by the saphenous neurovascular bundle.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Journal of neurophysiology

Article Title: Spastic Tail Muscles Recover From Myofiber Atrophy and Myosin Heavy Chain Transformations in Chronic Spinal Rats

doi: 10.1152/jn.00622.2006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative photomicrographs show immunohistochemical staining of rat segmental tail muscles in serial cross sections. A–C: young normal rat. D–F: young chronic spinal rat. G, H, and J: older normal rat. K–M: older chronic spinal rat. N, P, and Q: older spinal isolated rat. R–T: for reference, sections are shown from an un-paralyzed control hindlimb extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle from a young normal rat. Sample myofibers marked “I” (type I), “IIA” (type IIA), and “IIB” (type IIB) were identified according to their positive staining reaction with the corresponding myosin heavy chain (MyHC) antibody, as indicated (left: type I, clone BA-D5; middle: type IIA, clone SC-71; right: type IIB, clone BF-F3). Sample myofibers marked “IID(X)” (type IID(X)) were identified by the absence of staining reactions with these antibodies (see methods); this “subtraction” method of staining consistently identified type IID(X) myofibers, as determined by direct comparison to staining patterns observed with clone BF-35 against all MyHCs except MyHC IId(x). Bar is 50 µm.

Article Snippet: In normal hindlimb extensor digitorum longus muscles from these same animals, the mean cross-sectional area of myofibers was 2,096 ± 972 μ m 2 (minimum = 463 μ m 2 , maximum = 7,407 μ m 2 ), similar to that reported previously ( Dupont-Versteegden et al. 1998 ; Lieber et al. 1986a ).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Muscles, Isolation, Control, Comparison

Journal: Journal of neurophysiology

Article Title: Spastic Tail Muscles Recover From Myofiber Atrophy and Myosin Heavy Chain Transformations in Chronic Spinal Rats

doi: 10.1152/jn.00622.2006

Figure Lengend Snippet: The relative muscle contents of MyHC protein isoforms MyHC I, MyHC IIa, MyHC IId(x), and MyHC IIb in protein extracts from whole muscle homogenates were assessed by integrated densitometry after electrophoretic separation of these isoforms on a polyacrylamide gel. Elec-trophoresis was used to separate MyHC isoforms in seg-mental tail muscle homogenates, as labeled for representative samples from young normal, young chronic spinal, older normal, older chronic spinal, and older spinal isolated rats. Also, on each gel, a sample extract from a normal rat hindlimb medial gastrocnemius (MG) was used as a positive control to confirm the position of each MyHC band.

Article Snippet: In normal hindlimb extensor digitorum longus muscles from these same animals, the mean cross-sectional area of myofibers was 2,096 ± 972 μ m 2 (minimum = 463 μ m 2 , maximum = 7,407 μ m 2 ), similar to that reported previously ( Dupont-Versteegden et al. 1998 ; Lieber et al. 1986a ).

Techniques: Labeling, Isolation, Positive Control

Journal: Stem Cells Translational Medicine

Article Title: Novel Peripherally Derived Neural‐Like Stem Cells as Therapeutic Carriers for Treating Glioblastomas

doi: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0007

Figure Lengend Snippet: Isolation of Nestin‐GFP + neural‐like stem cells (NLSCs) from FDB muscle cultures derived from Nestin‐GFP transgenic mice. (A): Unsorted FDB‐derived cell culture is shown in the left panel. NLSCs are green; all cells are counterstained with Hoechst nuclear stain (blue color). The merged picture (left panel) shows the abundance of Nestin‐GFP + cells in the heterogeneous cell mixture derived from FDB muscles. Homogenous population of Nestin‐GFP + NLSCs post FACS is shown in the right panel. NLSCs are green and counterstained with Hoechst nuclear stain (blue color). Scale bars = 100 μm. (B): Representative histograms for FDB culture before and after FACS. Histograms show the purity of the obtained GFP + cell population. Abbreviations: FACS, fluorescence‐activated cell sorting; FDB, flexor digitorum brevis; GFP, green fluorescent protein.

Article Snippet: Cultured flexor digitorum brevis muscle‐derived cells were washed with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) and treated with 0.25% trypsin/0.05% EDTA (Thermo Fisher Scientific Life Sciences, Waltham, MA, http://www.thermofisher.com ) to isolate them in a suspension.

Techniques: Isolation, Derivative Assay, Transgenic Assay, Cell Culture, Staining, Muscles, Fluorescence, FACS

Journal: Stem Cells Translational Medicine

Article Title: Novel Peripherally Derived Neural‐Like Stem Cells as Therapeutic Carriers for Treating Glioblastomas

doi: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0007

Figure Lengend Snippet: Isolation of GFP + neural‐like stem cells (NLSCs) from Nestin transgenic mice using NGFR (p75) antibody. (A): Labeling of flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle‐derived NLSCs in culture with NGFR (p75) antibody. NLSCs are green owing to expression of GFP; NGFR antibody was detected using Alexa Fluor 647 secondary antibody (red color); all cells were counterstained with Hoechst nuclear stain (blue color). The merged picture shows the expression of NGFR, only on GFP + NLSCs in the heterogeneous cell mixture derived from FDB muscles. This shows that NLSCs from nontransgenic animals can potentially be isolated using nerve growth factor cell surface receptor specific antibody (×20 magnification). (B): Representative histograms for FDB cultures before and after NGFR antibody‐based FACS. Histograms show purity of the obtained NGFR + cell population. (C): Dot plot analysis showed a distinct GFP + /NGFR + population. Abbreviations: DAPI, 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole; FACS, fluorescence‐activated cell sorting; GFP, green fluorescent protein; NGFR, nerve growth factor receptor.

Article Snippet: Cultured flexor digitorum brevis muscle‐derived cells were washed with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) and treated with 0.25% trypsin/0.05% EDTA (Thermo Fisher Scientific Life Sciences, Waltham, MA, http://www.thermofisher.com ) to isolate them in a suspension.

Techniques: Isolation, Transgenic Assay, Labeling, Derivative Assay, Expressing, Staining, Muscles, Cell Surface Receptor Assay, Fluorescence, FACS